Biological systems

Cooperativity in biological systems

Living organisms can sense and respond to external and internal stimuli. Response isdemonstrated in many forms including modulation of gene expression profiles, motility,secretion, cell death, etc. Nevertheless, all forms share a basic property: they depend on sensingsmall changes in the concentration of an effector molecule or subtle conformational changes ina protein and invoking the appropri...

cooperativity in biological systems

living organisms can sense and respond to external and internal stimuli. response isdemonstrated in many forms including modulation of gene expression profiles, motility,secretion, cell death, etc. nevertheless, all forms share a basic property: they depend on sensingsmall changes in the concentration of an effector molecule or subtle conformational changes ina protein and invoking the appropri...

Biological Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Drug Delivery Systems

This review focuses on the extensive study of different layered double hydroxides (LDHs)nanostructures and also their biological and physicochemical (in vitro) properties to encapsulateand deliver drugs with a recognized pharmacokinetic profile in a sustained/modified manner forbetter remedial efficacy contrasted to the corresponding conventional treatments using different<br ...

Biological Systems as Reactive Systems

Robustness in biological systems

The systems approach to biology aims to address problems using a holistic approach that focuses on emergent properties, namely those that cannot be attributed to a single part of a biological system, but rather, arise from complex, collective processes at the molecular level. An important feature of these emergent properties is robustness— the emergent phenomena are, to a considerable extent, i...